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Date |
Event(s) |
1 | 1154 | - 1154—1189: Reign of Henry II
Coronation 19 December 1154
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2 | 1189 | - 1189—1199: Reign of Richard I
Coronation 3 September 1189
- 1189—1192: The Third Crusade
The English failed to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims, resulted in Treaty of Jaffa (between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin) that allowed Christian pilgrams access to the Holy and.
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3 | 1199 | - 1199—1216: Reign of John I
Coronation 27 May 1199
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4 | 1202 | - 1202—1204: The Fourth Crusade
Constantinople was sacked by the English, which caused a schism between Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) branches of Christianity
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5 | 1215 | - 15 Jun 1215: Magna Carta signed
The Magna Carta was a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor. It promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War.
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6 | 1216 | - 1216—1272: Reign of Henry III
Coronations: 28 October 1216, Gloucester, 17 May 1220, Westminster Abbey
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7 | 1217 | - 1217—1221: The Fifth Crusade
Primarily organized by Pope Honorius III, Jerusalem was held by the Muslims while the Church maintained limited military success and diplomatic efforts.
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8 | 1271 | - 1271—1368: Yuan Dynasty
Established by Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, which brought about the reunification of China under Mongol rule. This period promoted cultural exchange, trade, and communication between China and other parts of the world. Major contributions were the idea of religious tolerance, the introduction of printing, and paper currency.
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9 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: Reign of Edward I
Coronation 19 August 1274
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10 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: Reign of Edward II
Coronation 25 February 1308
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11 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: Reign of Edward III
Coronation 1 February 1327; probably died of The Plague
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12 | 1368 | - 1368—1644: Ming Dynasty
Restored Chinese rule from the Mongols. Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, who took the throne as Emperor Hongwu. During this time, the Great Wall was constructed and the region experienced economic prosperity.
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13 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: Reign of Richard II
Coronation 16 July 1377
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14 | 1399 | - 1399—1453: 100 Years War
The Hundred Years War was caused by the English claiming the French throne, officially ended with the Treaty of Bordeaux in 1453. The English were left with only the port of Calais in French territory, and English forces were expelled from mainland France.
- 1399—1413: Reign of Henry IV
Coronation 13 October 1399
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15 | 1412 | - 6 Jan 1412—30 May 1431: Joan of Arc
She fought during the Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1429 to 1430, when she was captured, tried, and burned at the stake by the English.
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16 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: Reign of Henry V
Coronation 9 April 1413; probably died of heatstroke
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17 | 1422 | - 1422—1461: Reign of Henry VI
Coronation 6 November 1429; became King at 9 months old; had a series of mental breakdowns; deposed on 29 March 1461 by Edward IV; captured in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London; restored to the throne in 1470, but Edward retook power in 1471, and imprisoned Henry again.
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18 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: Reign Edward IV
Coronation 28 June 1461; was overthrown briefly by Henvy VI in 1471
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19 | 1483 | - 1483—1483: Reign of Edward V
Reigned 9 April 1483 – 25 June 1483; deposed by his uncle
- 1483—1485: Reign of Richard III
Coronation 6 July 1483; last king to be slain in battle
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20 | 1485 | - 1485—1509: Reign of Henry VII
Coronation 30 October 1485
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21 | 1492 | - 12 Oct 1492: Columbus First Voyage
Columbus left Spain in the Santa Maria, Pinta, and Niña in search of a westward route to Asia. He made his first landfall in the Americas on an island in the present-day Bahamas, which he named San Salvador.
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22 | 1509 | - 1509—1547: Reign of Henry VIII
Coronation 24 June 1509; had 6 wives
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23 | 1547 | - 1547—1553: Reign of Edward VI
Coronation 20 February 1547; was crowned at 9 years old; died when 15 of an illness
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24 | 1550 | - 1550: Tobacco introduced to Europe
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25 | 1553 | - 1553—1558: Reign of Mary
Coronation 1 October 1553
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26 | 1556 | - 1556—1605: Akbar the Great
Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar
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27 | 1558 | - 1558—1603: Reign of Elizabeth I
Coronation 15 January 1559
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28 | 1572 | - 1572: Sir Francis Drake goes to Panama
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29 | 1603 | - 1603—1625: Reign of James I
Coronation 25 July 1603
He died during a violent attack of dysentery.
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30 | 1607 | - 1607: English founded Jamestown
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31 | 1620 | - 21 Dec 1620: Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock
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32 | 1626 | - 2 Feb 1626—1649: Reign of Charles I
Charles was accused of treason against England by using his power to pursue his personal interest rather than the good of the country, and was beheaded.
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33 | 1636 | - 1636—1912: Qing Dynasty
Founded by the Manchus, an ethnic group from northeastern Asia, this was a period of relative stability and economic growth. Population increased significantly, and China became a major center of global trade. The Qing Dynasty came to an end with the abdication of the last emperor, Puyi, and the establishment of the Republic of China. The fall of the Qing marked the end of over two millennia of imperial rule in China.
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34 | 1642 | - 1642—1649: English Civil War
A series of wars between England, Scotland, and Ireland over religion, taxation, and civil liberties. King Charles I was executed and Parliament became the supreme authority. The turmoil greatly affected the American colonies.
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35 | 1647 | - 26 May 1647: Jesuit Priests banned
Massachusetts Bay banned Jesuit (Catholic) priests from the colony The penalty was banishment, and for a repeat offense, death. No priests are known to have been executed.
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36 | 1653 | - 1653—1658: Reign of Oliver Cromwell
He died of septicaemia, and was executed post-mortem.
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37 | 1658 | - 1658—1659: Reign of Richard Cromwell
He was arrested, but ran into hiding in France for many years.
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38 | 1660 | - 1660—1685: Reign of Charles II
Died of a sudden apoplectic fit. He converted to Catholicism on his deathbed.
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39 | 1661 | - 6 Aug 1661: Holland sold Brazil to Portugal for 8 million guilders
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40 | 1685 | - 1685—1688: Reign of James II
Overthrown by Protestants. He was Roman Catholic.
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41 | 1689 | - 1689—1697: King William's War
Part of the French and Indian Wars, the English tried to control North America. It ended with the Treaty of Ryswick, but didn't resolve colonial and territorial tensions.
- 1689—1702: Reign of William III & Mary II
She died of smallpox. He died of pneumonia after falling from a horse. They were Protestant.
- 27 Jun 1689—28 Jun 1689: Cocheco Massacre
Dover suffered a devastating indigenous attack in revenge for Major Richard Waldron's deceptive "mock battle" in 1676, where Native Americans were captured and mistreated. Thirteen years later, the retaliation came, resulting in the capture or death of fifty-two colonists, a quarter of the population.
That night, two native women appeared at each of five garrison houses (Richard Walderne, Peter Coffin, Tristram Coffin, Elizabeth Heard, and Richard Otis), asking permission to sleep by the fire, not uncommon in peaceful times. All but one house (Tristram Coffin) accepted. In the dark early hours of the next day, the women unfastened the doors, allowing braves who had concealed themselves to enter. The sword-wielding elderly Waldron was cut across his belly with knives, with each warrior saying "I cross out my account." Five or six dwelling houses were burned, along with the mills.
The Waldron house -- Maj Richard and little Christina were killed. grandchild Sarah Gerrish were taken captive. The house was looted and burned.
The Coffin houses -- no one was killed. The houses were looted but not burned.
The Otis house -- Richard, son Stephen, daughter Hannah were killed. Wife Grizzel, baby Margaret, and two grandchildren were taken captive. The house was looted and burned.
The Heard house -- the house was looted but not burned.
Five or six more homes were burned as were the mills at the Lower Falls. Twenty-three people were killed and twenty-nine were taken captive.
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42 | 1692 | - 1692: Salem Witchcraft Crisis
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43 | 1699 | - 1699: Wool Act Passed
England passed the Wool Act in 1699, forbidding the export of wool from the American colonies.
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44 | 1702 | - 1702—1713: Queen Anne's War
Part of the French and Indian wars, as well as part of the larger War of Spanish Succession. Queen Anne's War was officially ended by the Treaty of Utrecht. Britain gained control of Acadia (renamed Nova Scotia), Newfoundland, and the Hudson Bay region. Spain ceded Florida to Britain.
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